Events
イベント
2023 CHAIN Winter School
2023年度 CHAINウィンタースクール「Living with Artificial Others／人工主体と共に生きる」
2023年度のウィンタースクールはテーマは「Living with Artificial Others／人工主体と共に生きる」と題して、以下の先生方をお呼びして、講義・議論を行います。(敬称略)
- Dr. Anna Ciaunica (University of Lisbon, Portugal)
- Dr. Agnieszka Wykowska (Italian Institute of Technology)
- Dr. Shunichi Kasahara (Sony CSL)
本ウィンタースクールの一部は富士通北大リサーチラボ部門の活動の一環として行われます。
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Timetable
Day 1: Monday, 8th January (W201/202, HSS)
Chair: Dr. Katsunori Miyahara
10:30-10:40 Opening remarks (Miyahara)
10:45-12:15 Lecture 1: Dr. Agnieszka Wikowska (Italian Institute of Technology) “Social robots – are they useful artifacts or intentional agents?”
12:15-13:30 Lunch Break
13:30-14:30 Lecture 2: Dr. Agnieszka Wikowska (Italian Institute of Technology) “Social robots for child healthcare”
14:30-14:45 Break
14:45-15:45 Group Discussion
16:00-17:00 Q&A with lecturers
Room Available until 18:00
Day 2: Tuesday, 9th January (Conference Hall)
Chair: Dr. Hiroyuki Iizuka
10:30-12:00 Lecture 3: Dr. Agnieszka Wikowska (Italian Institute of Technology) “Robots as partners, robots as tools – sense of agency in human-robot teamwork”
12:00-13:30 Lunch Break
13:30-14:30 Lecture 4: Dr. Shunichi Kasahara (Sony CSL) “Cybernetic Humanity: Exploring the new humanity emerging from the integration of humans and computers”
14:30-14:45 Break
14:45-15:45 Group Discussion
15:45-16:00 Break
16:00-17:00 Q&A with lecturers
17:30-19:30 Social event (Open Innovation Hub)
Day 3: Wednesday, 10th January (Conference Hall)
Chair: Dr. Keisuke Suzuki
10:30-12:00 Lecture 5: Dr. Anna Ciaunica (University of Lisbon) “Minds and Bodies in Humans and Artificial Agents”
12:00-13:30 Lunch Break
13:30-15:00 Lecture 6: Dr. Anna Ciaunica (University of Lisbon) “Back to Square one: The Co-Embodied Roots of Perceptual Experiences”
15:00-15:15 Break
15:15-16:15 Group Discussion
16:15-16:30 Break
16:30-17:30 Q&A with lecturers
Room Available until 18:00
Day 4: Thursday, 11th January (Conference Hall)
Chair: Dr. Hiroshi Matsui
10:30-12:00 Lecture 7: Dr. Anna Ciaunica (University of Lisbon) “Being Born vs Being Made? Implications for Artificial Agents”
12:00-13:30 Lunch Break
13:30-14:30 Group Discussion
14:30-14:45 Break
14:45-15:45 Q&A with lecturers
15:45-16:00 Break
16:00-17:00 Group work (Lecturers available until 17:00)
Room Available until 18:00
Day 5: Friday, 12th January (Conference Hall)
Chair: Dr. Masatoshi Yoshida
Morning Group work
12:00-15:00 Group presentations (3 groups)
Seminar1
Lecturer
Lecture 1 "Social robots – are they useful artifacts or intentional agents?"
Abstract:
In this lecture, I will first provide a brief overview of the field of social robotics and the way social robots are intended to address societal needs. Subsequently, I will focus on the question of how humans actually perceive robots – are they seen more as useful tools or as social and intentional agents, akin to other humans. In this context, I will introduce the concept of the intentional stance and I will discuss conditions and factors influencing the adoption of intentional stance towards humanoid robots. I will present a tool that my lab has developed for measuring adoption of the intentional stance, and findings showing that the likelihood of adopting the intentional stance is coded in specific patterns of neural activity at rest. Then, I will present studies which suggest that interactive scenarios influence adoption of the intentional stance more than mere observation of subtle human-like characteristics of a robot’s behavior. The last part of the empirical section of the talk will focus on the concept of the “Turing test” - I will present a study which embedded the Turing test in a human-robot joint action task. The talk will conclude with the discussion on the role of intentional stance for other mechanisms of social cognition, and implications for applied domains of social robotics.
講師紹介
Professor Agnieszka Wykowska leads the unit “Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction” at the Italian Institute of Technology (Genoa, Italy), where she is also the Coordinator of the Center for Human Technologies (CHT). She combines cognitive neuroscience methods with human-robot interaction in order to understand the human brain mechanisms in interaction with natural and artificial agents. In 2016, she was awarded the ERC Starting grant “InStance": "Intentional Stance for Social Attunement”. She fulfills several academic services, including serving as the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Social Robotics (IJSR), Associate Editor of Frontiers in Psychology, President of European Society for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ESCAN), and a core member of Association of ERC Grantees.
Seminar2
Lecturer
Lecture 2 "Social robots for child healthcare"
Abstract:
講師紹介
Professor Agnieszka Wykowska leads the unit “Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction” at the Italian Institute of Technology (Genoa, Italy), where she is also the Coordinator of the Center for Human Technologies (CHT). She combines cognitive neuroscience methods with human-robot interaction in order to understand the human brain mechanisms in interaction with natural and artificial agents. In 2016, she was awarded the ERC Starting grant “InStance": "Intentional Stance for Social Attunement”. She fulfills several academic services, including serving as the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Social Robotics (IJSR), Associate Editor of Frontiers in Psychology, President of European Society for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ESCAN), and a core member of Association of ERC Grantees.
Seminar3
Lecturer
Lecture 3: Robots as partners, robots as tools – sense of agency in human-robot teamwork
Abstract:
This lecture will focus on robots being designed to assist humans as partners in shared tasks (collaboration partners) or as tools which can be (tele-)operated to perform tasks at a distance (robotic surgery, disaster recovery or telepresence). One of the most crucial mechanisms of human cognition that needs to be addressed in all these scenarios is the sense of agency (SoA), namely, the experience of being in control of one’s actions and their consequences. It still remains an open question of how the human user’s SoA is influenced by (i) the context of joint action with a robot; (ii) performing actions by means of the robot effectors; (iii) embodying the robot in cases of immersive teleoperation. I will present studies where SoA has been studied in a social context of joint action (individual, vicarious and joint SoA) in the context of robot (tele-)operation. I will discuss the implication of these studies for the fields of social robotics and neuroengineering (e.g., prosthetics, exoskeletons).
講師紹介
Professor Agnieszka Wykowska leads the unit “Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction” at the Italian Institute of Technology (Genoa, Italy), where she is also the Coordinator of the Center for Human Technologies (CHT). She combines cognitive neuroscience methods with human-robot interaction in order to understand the human brain mechanisms in interaction with natural and artificial agents. In 2016, she was awarded the ERC Starting grant “InStance": "Intentional Stance for Social Attunement”. She fulfills several academic services, including serving as the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Social Robotics (IJSR), Associate Editor of Frontiers in Psychology, President of European Society for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ESCAN), and a core member of Association of ERC Grantees.
Seminar4
Lecturer
Lecture 4 "Cybernetic Humanity: Exploring the new humanity emerging from the integration of humans and computers"
Abstract:
講師紹介
Dr. Shunichi Kasahara is project leader and researcher at Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. (Sony CSL), as well as a visiting researcher at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) from 2023. Dr. Kasahara is known for his research on “Cybernetic Humanity,” exploring new forms of humanity emerging from the integration of humans and computers. His significant contributions to the field have been presented at computer science conferences such as ACM CHI, UIST, SAP and SIGGRAPH, and published in various scientific journals
Seminar5
Lecturer
Lecture 5 "Minds and Bodies in Humans and Artificial Agents"
Abstract:
The overall aim of this lecture is to set up the stage for introducing the traditional mind-body problem. What is so special about the psyche/ soul/ mind? Where the idea of having a ‘mind’ comes from? What is the mind? We have a rather clear view on what is a body, we see it being born, developing, decaying, and eventually dying, but where does the mind stands in this equation of the human existence? I will start with the Greek philosophy, mostly Plato – and the Pythagoras inspired ‘soma/sema’ theory: namely the idea that the body is a ‘tomb’ for the soul. I will then show how this tacit divide between the material body and the immaterial mind has permeated all philosophical and scientific discussions from Descartes and until modern days.
I will then develop the idea that the classical mind-body problem has survived in current philosophical and scientific theories under the disguise of the ‘brain-body problem’. The question ‘how the soul is hosted in the human body’ becomes ‘what are the neural correlates of human conscious experiences’. Here I will briefly overview the most influential theories of neural correlates of conscious experiences; as well as the most influential attempts to understand how mental states are linked to brain states.
Indeed, the idea that the mind is distinct from the body and somehow at home in the human brain has deep roots in a longstanding philosophical and scientific thinking, stretching from Antiquity to the present day (Bennet & Hacker 2003). At least two underlying and intertwined assumptions guided heated debates around the mind and body distinction in the past centuries. First there is the assumption that ‘inner’ mental psychological states such as pain are distinct from physical matter. Second, there is the idea that there is a theoretical problem of how humans can know or cognize the ‘external’ physical world. Starting mid-1960s, the view that humans and other psychological organisms are best viewed as information-processing systems cognizing the world became dominant (Fodor 1968). This view accepted the idea that one must appeal to ‘inner’ states (e.g. pain) to explain ‘visible’ external behaviour (e.g. crying), provided the former are construed as physical states. Mental states thus are not ghostly or non-physical, but rather neurophysiological events occurring in the individual’s nervous system (Smart 1959).
At the end of this lecture the students should have a compelling picture of why the mind-body problem is so tenacious in our thinking tradition and where it comes from, and how this impacts the way people develop artificial intelligence and artificial bodies today.
講師紹介
Dr. Anna Ciaunica is a Principal Investigator at the Centre for Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, Portugal; and Research Associate at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, the UK. Dr. Ciaunica is currently Principal Investigator on three interdisciplinary projects looking at the relationship between self-awareness, embodiment and social interactions in humans and artificial agents. Her approach is highly interdisciplinary, using methods from philosophy, experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, phenomenology and arts. She is also coordinator of the Network for Embodied Consciousness, Technology and the Arts (NECTArs) – a collaborative platform bringing together artists, researchers, stakeholders, policy makers and people with lived experiences, aiming at fostering creative solutions to timely questions such as self-consciousness and (dis)embodiment in our hyper-digitalized and hyper-connected world.
Seminar6
Lecturer
Lecture 6 "Back to Square one: The Co-Embodied Roots of Perceptual Experiences"
Abstract:
Why is this important? To answer this question I will combine traditional (i) Embodied Cognition approaches (Varela et al. 1991) with more recent (ii) Predictive Processing and Active Inference approaches (Friston 2005)in philosophy and cognitive science.
The idea that whatever we perceptually experience next (Clark 2013) is informed by and grounded in whatever we have perceived and hence experienced before, i.e. prior ‘expectations’ has been recently developed by proponents of the Predictive Processing theories of mind and behaviour (Friston 2005). Now, if our current perceptual experiences are indeed infused and structured by previous ‘priors’ or ‘expectations’, then it becomes crucial to look at how perceptual experiences unfold dynamically, from a bottom-up developmental perspective. Human beings gradually develop from cells to a human body within another human body (Fotopoulou & Tsakiris, 2017; Ciaunica & Fotopoulou, 2017; Ciaunica & Crucianelli 2019; Martinez Quintero & de Jaegher 2020; Ciaunica, et al. 2021).
It is generally accepted that the body and the brain are distinct and partially independent subsystems working in tandem to ensure the organism’s survival in an ever-changing environment. It is also established that the human brain actively participates in this vital task by sustaining and maintaining optimal and flexible neurophysiological and cognitive processing subserving bodily integrity and adaptive worldly interactions. It is less understood however how cognitive processing emerge from neural processing. Despite significant combined efforts from neurobiology and neuroscience using increasingly sophisticated tools such brain imaging, genetic manipulation and fluorescent labelling (Dennett 1992; Damasio 2000; Seth & Tsakiris 2018), the question how exactly brain (i.e. neural) activity generates cognitive and mental states remains fairly open.
Here I suggest that one promising way forward in addressing this key question is to zoom out from the prevailing focus on the neural/mental states relationship and to consider instead how neurons (i.e. a certain type of cells) work in tandem with other type of cells (e.g. immune) to subserve self-organisation and adaptive behaviour of the human organism as a whole.
I build upon the key fact that the brain is (part of) the body and as such, like any other bodily organ, the brain is made of cells. The focus on cellular rather than neural, brain processing allows us to underscore the idea that flexible responses to changes in the environments requires flexible adjustments not only through neural, but also through metabolic, cellular and immunological processing at multiple organisational levels of the biological system. Ultimately, shifting the focus from neural to cellular processing invites us to reconsider the received idea that cognitive processes can be linked solely to the neural system, and that the brain is somehow the natural home of mental states.
By the end of the first part of the second lecture, it should become obvious to the students that the problem has been tackled from an adult-centric and individualistic perspective, as well as a neuro-centric one. I will demonstrate that in order to successfully develop neural activity, one needs in place before a highly sophisticated and complex network of cellular activity, especially the immune system, but not only. This lecture thus motivates the need to get out from the thinking brain and focus rather on the biological organism and its fundamental components, the cells, as primary step to understand the basic nature of conscious experiences in humans and life in general.
講師紹介
Dr. Anna Ciaunica is a Principal Investigator at the Centre for Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, Portugal; and Research Associate at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, the UK. Dr. Ciaunica is currently Principal Investigator on three interdisciplinary projects looking at the relationship between self-awareness, embodiment and social interactions in humans and artificial agents. Her approach is highly interdisciplinary, using methods from philosophy, experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, phenomenology and arts. She is also coordinator of the Network for Embodied Consciousness, Technology and the Arts (NECTArs) – a collaborative platform bringing together artists, researchers, stakeholders, policy makers and people with lived experiences, aiming at fostering creative solutions to timely questions such as self-consciousness and (dis)embodiment in our hyper-digitalized and hyper-connected world.
Seminar7
Lecturer
Being Born vs Being Made? Implications for Artificial Agents
Abstract:
Despite the ubiquitous presence of these new forms of interactions and their increasing impact on our lives, little is known about how these emergent types of socializing affect self-consciousness, self-identity and embodiment in humans. In this lecture I will define and review different types of artificial minds and bodies and explore the potential impact of interacting with this new type of agents on the human mind and body. Is there something special in being born vs being made in understanding life both in biological and artificial agents?
講師紹介
Dr. Anna Ciaunica is a Principal Investigator at the Centre for Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, Portugal; and Research Associate at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, the UK. Dr. Ciaunica is currently Principal Investigator on three interdisciplinary projects looking at the relationship between self-awareness, embodiment and social interactions in humans and artificial agents. Her approach is highly interdisciplinary, using methods from philosophy, experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, phenomenology and arts. She is also coordinator of the Network for Embodied Consciousness, Technology and the Arts (NECTArs) – a collaborative platform bringing together artists, researchers, stakeholders, policy makers and people with lived experiences, aiming at fostering creative solutions to timely questions such as self-consciousness and (dis)embodiment in our hyper-digitalized and hyper-connected world.